What Is the Definition of Heavy Water

You may have heard of heavy water and wondered how it was different from ordinary water. Heres a look at what heavy water is and some heavy water facts. Heavy Water Definition Heavy water is water that contains heavy hydrogen or deuterium. Deuterium differs from the hydrogen usually found in water, protium, in that each atom of deuterium contains a proton and a neutron. Heavy water may be deuterium oxide, D2O or it may be deuterium protium oxide, DHO. Heavy Water Abundance Heavy water occurs naturally, although it is much less common than regular water. Approximately one water molecule per twenty million water molecules is heavy water. So, heavy water is an isotope that has more neutrons than ordinary water. Do you expect this makes it radioactive or not? Heavy water is not radioactive. Heres how it works. Toxicity If enough heavy water is ingested to replace 25% to 50% of water in the human body, heavy water poisoning may occur. However, because of the high turnover rate of water, drinking a small amount of the substance causes no ill effects. In fact, American physicist Harold Urey once drank heavy water to learn whether it tasted different from ordinary water (in the name of science, of course). Sources International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2005). Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 2005). Cambridge (UK): RSC–IUPAC. ISBN 0-85404-438-8. p. 306.Mosin, O. V, Ignatov, I. (2011) Separation of Heavy Isotopes Deuterium (D) and Tritium (T) and Oxygen (18O) in Water Treatment, Clean Water: Problems and Decisions, Moscow, No. 3–4, pp. 69–78.Urey, HC; Failla, G (March 15, 1935). Concerning the Taste of Heavy Water. Science. 81 (2098): 273. doi:10.1126/science.81.2098.273-a

A Swot and Pest Analysis - 10002 Words

HUONG HAAND KEN COGHILL E-Government in Singapore — A Swot and Pest Analysis HUONG HA Department of Management, Monash University, Australia Huong.Ha@BusEco.monash.edu.au KEN COGHILL Department of Management, Monash University, Australia Ken.Coghill@BusEco.monash.edu.au ABSTRACT This paper aims to review and evaluate the vision, the objectives and the strategic framework of e-Government in Singapore. Rapidity, Reliability, Efficiency, Cost-effectiveness, Customer-orientation and Accessibility are the main guidelines for the development of egovernment in Singapore in order to provide quality services to users in the digital economy. There are five thrusts and six programs of egovernance in Singapore. The development of e-Government†¦show more content†¦104 ASIA-PACIFIC SOCIAL SCIENCE REVIEW HUONG HAAND KEN COGHILL E-Government in Singapore The Vision of E-Government E-Government is defined as the use of information technology, in particular the Internet, to deliver public services in a much more convenient, customer-oriented, costeffective, and altogether different and better way. [Holmes, 2001 cited in Hughes (2003: 182)] The concept of e-Government is enhanced by the vision of the Singaporean government, which is to become a world leader in e-Government and to better serve the community and the nation (IDA 2004). The Singaporean government has engaged e-Government to re-examine(s) the organising principles of bureaucracy and governance, re-define(s) the objectives and deliverables of government and re-deploy(s) the resources available. 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Conflicts Being a College Student Free Essays

Patrice Williams November 12, 2013 Conflicts of A College Student The daily life of a college student is filled with many conflicts. To begin with, students face everyday conflicts such as having transportation, family issues, financial problems, and also lack of focus and responsibility. In college if one is without a car or a reliable source of transportation every day, it can really affect them in school. We will write a custom essay sample on Conflicts Being a College Student or any similar topic only for you Order Now One might could have a car but it is currently broke down or someone said they were willing to provide the transportation but possibly not showing up. For example, Nicole’s car has broken down over the weekend now she’s wondering how to get to school Monday morning. Nicole calls her friend Monica to give her a ride to school and then she’ll take the metro back home. This could cause Nicole stress and causing her to take focus off of school work. Second, college students also face family issues and crisis. One could have lost a family member that is causing a lot of stress or grief on their head while attending school. A student may have a family member or friend at home that causes them stress everyday also. For instance, Mark lives at home with Mom, brother, and sister. Conflict may be between everyone at home that causes Mark stress everyday he comes to school. Next, many students come across financial problems during their college life. Some students may lose their job or simply just don’t always have the funds to get by every single day. A student may be on a payment plan every month to pay for school or a student loan. Having everyday issues such as these can cause stress on the mind of a student that he or she doesn’t need while attending college. Take Mya for example, she’s currently in college and is on a payment plan at school to pay her tuition every month, for this current semester. Mya just lost her job and is finding it hard to come up with the money for this coming month; with her also struggling the previous months when she did have a job. This situation is very stressful on Mya and causing her to jeopardize school such as being late, missing assignments, and sometimes not showing up at all. Financial issues can play a huge downfall in a life of a college student. Finally, having a lack of responsibility can cause conflict while attending college. Some students start college but aren’t fully prepared. College students would sometimes start off college as if they were in high school and not strongly aware of the transition. Students hang out and party all night with school being in the morning. They slack on their work and put in high school work ethic instead of College work. Having a lack of focus can also affect students. Conflicts such as all of these can pay a huge part daily in a student’s life. How to cite Conflicts Being a College Student, Essay examples

Landfills A Growing Menace Essay Example For Students

Landfills: A Growing Menace Essay Landfills: A Growing MenaceWhen asked to think of the largest man made structure, people willinvariably come up with an answer like The Great Wall of China, the GreatPyramids, or the Taj Majal.In contrast to these striking achievements ofmankind is the Durham Road Landfill outside San Francisco, which occupies overseventy million cubic feet. It is a sad monument to the excesses of modernsociety Gore 151. One must think this huge reservoir of garbage must be thelargest thing ever produced by human hands then. Unhappily, this is not the case. The Fresh Kills Landfill, located on Staten Island, is the largest landfill inthe world. It sports an elevation of 155 feet, an estimated mass of 100 milliontons, and a volume of 2.9 billion cubic feet. In total acreage, it is equal to16,000 baseball diamonds Miller 526. By the year 2005, when the landfill isprojected to close, its elevation will reach 505 feet above sea level, making itthe highest point along the Eastern Seaboard, from Florida to Maine. At thatheight, the mound will constitute a hazard to air traffic at Newark airportRathje 3-4.The area now encompassed by the Fresh Kills (Kills is from theDutch word for creek) Landfill was originally a tidal marsh. In 1948, New YorkCity planner Robert Moses developed a highly praised project to depositmunicipal garbage in the swamp until the level of the land was above sea level. A study of the area predicted the marsh would be filled by the year 1968. Hethen planned to develop the area, building houses and attracting light industryover the landfill.The Fresh Kills Landfill was originally meant to be aconservation project that would benefit the environment.Themayor of New YorkCity issued a report titled The Fresh Kills Landfill Project in 1951 whichstated, in part, that the project cannot fail to affect constructively a widearea around it. The report ended by stating, It is at once practical andidealistic Rathje 4. One must appreciate the irony in the fact that RobertMoses was considered a leading conservationist in his time. His majoraccomplishments include building asphalt parking lots throughout the New YorkMetro area, paved roads in and out of city parks, and the development of JonesBeach, now the most polluted and overcrowded piece of shoreline in the NortheastUnited States. In Stewart Udalls book The Quiet Crisis, the former Secretary ofthe Interior pra ises Moses. The JFK cabinet member calls the Jones Beachdevelopment an imaginative solution (the) supreme answer to the ever-present problems of overcrowding Udall 163-4. JFKs introduction to the bookprovides this foreboding passage: Each generation must deal anew with theraiders, with the scramble to use public resources for private profit, and withthe tendency to prefer short-run profits to long-run necessities. The crisis maybe quiet, but it is urgent Udall xii. It is these long term effects that thedevelopers of landfills often fail to consider.Oddly, the subject of landfillsis never broached in Udalls book; in 1963 landfills were a non-issue. A modern state-of-the-art sanitary landfill is a graveyard for garbage,where deposited wastes are compacted, spread in thin layers, and covered dailywith clay or synthetic foam. The modern landfill is lined with multiple,impermeable layers of clay, sand, and plastic before any garbage is deposited. This liner prevents liquids, called leachates, from percolating into thegroundwater. Leachates result from rain water mixing with fluids in the garbage,making a highly toxic fluid containing inks, heavy metals, and other poisonouscompounds. Ideally, leachates are pumped up from collection points along thebottom of the landfill and either shipped to liquid waste disposal points or re-introduced into the upper layers of garbage to resume the cycle. Unfortunately,most landfills have no such pumping system. Miller 527.Until the formationof the Environmental Protection Agency by President Nixon in 1970, there werevirtually no regulations governing the construction, operation, and closure oflandfills. As a result of this lack of legislation, 85 percent of all landfillsexisting in this country are unlined. Many of these landfills are located inclose proximity to aquifers or other groundwater features, or near geologicallyunstable sites. Many older landfills are leaking toxins into our water supply atthis very moment, with no way to stop them. For example, the Fresh Killslandfill leaks an estimated one million gallons of toxic sludge into thesurrounding water table every day Miller 527. Sanitary landfills do offercertain advantages